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Amintore Fanfani ((:aˈmintore faɱˈfaːni); 6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and former Prime Minister of Italy. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War, and a historical figure of the left-wing section〔Franzosi, ''The Puzzle of Strikes'', (PA202 p. 202 )〕 (pro-socialist) of the Christian Democracy (Italian: ''Democrazia Cristiana'' – DC). Fanfani and Giovanni Giolitti still hold the record as the only statesmen to have served as prime minister of Italy in five non-consecutive periods of office. Fanfani was one of the dominant figures of the Italian Christian Democrats for over three decades. ==Background== Fanfani was born in Pieve Santo Stefano, in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, to a large and humble family. He graduated in economics and business in 1932 at the Università Cattolica in Milan. He was the author of a number of important works on economic history dealing with religion and the development of capitalism in the Renaissance and Reformation in Europe. His thesis was published in Italian and then in English as ''Catholicism, Capitalism and Protestantism'' in 1935. He joined the Italian fascist party supporting the corporatist ideas of the regime promoting collaboration between the classes, which he defended in many articles. "Some day," he once wrote, "the European continent will be organized into a vast supranational area guided by Italy and Germany. Those areas will take authoritarian governments and synchronize their constitutions with Fascist principles."〔 He also wrote for the official magazine of racism in Fascist Italy, ''The Defence of the Race'' (Italian: ''La difesa della razza''). In 1938, he was among the 330 that signed the antisemitic Manifesto of Race (Italian: ''Manifesto della razza'')〔 (Fanfani il "modernizzatore" ), Quotidiano della Basilicata, 6 February 2008〕 – culminating in laws that stripped the Italian Jews of any position in the government, university or professions which many previous had. During the years he spent in Milan, he knew Giuseppe Dossetti and Giorgio La Pira. They formed a group known as the "little professors" who lived ascetically in monastery cells and walked barefoot. They formed the nucleus of Democratic Initiative, an intensely Catholic but economically reformist wing of the post-war Christian Democratic Party,〔(Illness in the Family ), Time Magazine, 18 January 1954〕〔(The Little Professor ), Time Magazine, 25 January 1954〕 holding meetings to discuss Catholicism and society. After the surrender of Italy with the Allied armed forces on 8 September 1943, the group disbanded. Until the Liberation in April 1945, Fanfani fled to Switzerland dodging military service, and organized university courses for Italian refugees. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amintore Fanfani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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